Estimation of Elastic and Piezoelectric Properties of Short Piezo Fuzzy Fiber Reinforced Composite Using Method of Cells Micromechanics Approach

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur 492001, India

Abstract

Piezoelectric fibers are being widely used in the development of devices such as sensors, actuators, energy harvesting equipment, and in instruments related to biomedical engineering. Piezoelectric (PZT) fibers with radially grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on their surface when used as homogenous fiber in the preparation of a composite lamina is found to exhibit some enhanced elastic and piezo electric properties. The short piezoelectric fibers with radially grown CNTs which is known as piezo fuzzy fiber (PFF) are horizontally embedded in the polymer matrix to form short piezo fuzzy fiber reinforced composite (SPFFRC) lamina and the characterized mechanical properties estimated by method of cells (MOC) approach and the same has been compared with the conventional Mori-Tanaka (MT) method. The effect of waviness which are inherent to the CNTs on the overall properties have been estimated and are reported in the present study. Also, the significance of CNT orientation on the final elastic and piezo electric properties of SPFFRCs have been displayed in detail in the present study. The orientation of CNTs is vital and the results of the study show that when the CNTs are oriented transverse to the base fiber direction, the elastic properties are enhanced while the piezoelectric properties showed no or negligible effect on the orientation of CNTs. Also, the straight CNTs showed better performance in electric properties of SPFFRC while the performance slightly reduced with increase in waviness of CNTs. However, the effective elastic properties showed an increasing trend with increase in CNT waviness and hence, for the better use of the proposed SPFFRC as materials for actuator or sensor, the SPFFRC with wavy CNTs may be preferred since the waviness is inherent characteristic of CNTs and the waviness of CNTs has minimal effect on piezoelectric properties but has significant effect on the elastic properties.

Keywords

Main Subjects

[1]          M. Ray, A. Faye, S. Patra, R. Bhattacharyya, Theoretical and experimental investigations on the active structural–acoustic control of a thin plate using a vertically reinforced 1-3 piezoelectric composite, Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 015012, 2008.
[2]          M. Ray, A. Pradhan, On the use of vertically reinforced 1-3 piezoelectric composites for hybrid damping of laminated composite plates, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 245-261, 2007.
[3]          J. W. Sohn, S.-B. Choi, C.-H. Lee, Active vibration control of smart hull structure using piezoelectric composite actuators, Smart materials and structures, Vol. 18, No. 7, pp. 074004, 2009.
[4]          W. A. Smith, B. A. Auld, Modeling 1-3 composite piezoelectrics: thickness-mode oscillations, IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 40-47, 1991.
[5]          N. Mallik, M. Ray, Effective coefficients of piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composites, AIAA journal, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 704-710, 2003.
[6]          S. Iijima, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, nature, Vol. 354, No. 6348, pp. 56-58, 1991.
[7]          M. J. Treacy, T. W. Ebbesen, J. M. Gibson, Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes, nature, Vol. 381, No. 6584, pp. 678-680, 1996.
[8]          L. Shen, J. Li, Transversely isotropic elastic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Physical Review B, Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 045414, 2004.
[9]          H.-C. Cheng, Y.-L. Liu, Y.-C. Hsu, W.-H. Chen, Atomistic-continuum modeling for mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 46, No. 7-8, pp. 1695-1704, 2009.
[10]        E. T. Thostenson, T.-W. Chou, On the elastic properties of carbon nanotube-based composites: modelling and characterization, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 573, 2003.
[11]        M. Griebel, J. Hamaekers, Molecular dynamics simulations of the elastic moduli of polymer–carbon nanotube composites, Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, Vol. 193, No. 17-20, pp. 1773-1788, 2004.
[12]        G. Odegard, T. Clancy, T. Gates, Modeling of the mechanical properties of nanoparticle/polymer composites, Polymer, Vol. 46, pp. 553-562, 2005.
[13]        G. D. Seidel, D. C. Lagoudas, Micromechanical analysis of the effective elastic properties of carbon nanotube reinforced composites, Mechanics of materials, Vol. 38, No. 8-10, pp. 884-907, 2006.
[14]        Y. S. Song, J. R. Youn, Modeling of effective elastic properties for polymer based carbon nanotube composites, Polymer, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 1741-1748, 2006.
[15]        B. Jiang, C. Liu, C. Zhang, R. Liang, B. Wang, Maximum nanotube volume fraction and its effect on overall elastic properties of nanotube-reinforced composites, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 212-217, 2009.
[16]        M. Ayatollahi, S. Shadlou, M. Shokrieh, Multiscale modeling for mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites subjected to different types of loading, Composite Structures, Vol. 93, No. 9, pp. 2250-2259, 2011.
[17]        F. Fisher, R. Bradshaw, L. Brinson, Effects of nanotube waviness on the modulus of nanotube-reinforced polymers, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 80, No. 24, pp. 4647-4649, 2002.
[18]        M. Ray, R. Batra, Effective properties of carbon nanotube and piezoelectric fiber reinforced hybrid smart composites, 2009.
[19]        C. Bower, W. Zhu, S. Jin, O. Zhou, Plasma-induced alignment of carbon nanotubes, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 77, No. 6, pp. 830-832, 2000.
[20]        G. Lanzara, F. Chang, Novel processes to reinforce the piezoelectric actuator interface with carbon nanotubes, in Proceeding of, SPIE, pp. 352-361.
[21]        R. Mathur, S. Chatterjee, B. Singh, Growth of carbon nanotubes on carbon fibre substrates to produce hybrid/phenolic composites with improved mechanical properties, Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 68, No. 7-8, pp. 1608-1615, 2008.
[22]        G. Lanzara, F. Chang, Design and characterization of a carbon-nanotube-reinforced adhesive coating for piezoelectric ceramic discs, Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 18, No. 12, pp. 125001, 2009.
[23]        E. J. Garcia, B. L. Wardle, A. J. Hart, N. Yamamoto, Fabrication and multifunctional properties of a hybrid laminate with aligned carbon nanotubes grown in situ, Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 68, No. 9, pp. 2034-2041, 2008.
[24]        J.-L. Tsai, S.-H. Tzeng, Y.-T. Chiu, Characterizing elastic properties of carbon nanotubes/polyimide nanocomposites using multi-scale simulation, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 106-115, 2010.
[25]        Q. Zhang, W. Qian, R. Xiang, Z. Yang, G. Luo, Y. Wang, F. Wei, In situ growth of carbon nanotubes on inorganic fibers with different surface properties, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 107, No. 2-3, pp. 317-321, 2008.
[26]        A. Alian, S. Kundalwal, S. Meguid, Interfacial and mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites using different multiscale modeling schemes, Composite Structures, Vol. 131, pp. 545-555, 2015.
[27]        S. Kundalwal, M. Ray, Micromechanical analysis of fuzzy fiber reinforced composites, International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design, Vol. 7, pp. 149-166, 2011.
[28]        S. Kundalwal, M. Ray, Effective properties of a novel continuous fuzzy-fiber reinforced composite using the method of cells and the finite element method, European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids, Vol. 36, pp. 191-203, 2012.
[29]        S. Kundalwal, M. Ray, Effective properties of a novel composite reinforced with short carbon fibers and radially aligned carbon nanotubes, Mechanics of Materials, Vol. 53, pp. 47-60, 2012.
[30]        S. Kundalwal, M. Ray, Effect of carbon nanotube waviness on the effective thermoelastic properties of a novel continuous fuzzy fiber reinforced composite, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 57, pp. 199-209, 2014.
[31]        S. Kundalwal, M. Ray, Effect of carbon nanotube waviness on the elastic properties of the fuzzy fiber reinforced composites, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 021010, 2013.
[32]        M. Mohammadi, M. Goodarzi, M. Ghayour, A. Farajpour, Influence of in-plane pre-load on the vibration frequency of circular graphene sheet via nonlocal continuum theory, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 51, pp. 121-129, 2013.
[33]        M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, A. Moradi, M. Ghayour, Shear buckling of orthotropic rectangular graphene sheet embedded in an elastic medium in thermal environment, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 56, pp. 629-637, 2014.
[34]        M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, M. Goodarzi, Numerical study of the effect of shear in-plane load on the vibration analysis of graphene sheet embedded in an elastic medium, Computational Materials Science, Vol. 82, pp. 510-520, 2014.
[35]        M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, M. Goodarzi, F. Dinari, Thermo-mechanical vibration analysis of annular and circular graphene sheet embedded in an elastic medium, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 11, pp. 659-682, 2014.
[36]        M. Mohammadi, A. Moradi, M. Ghayour, A. Farajpour, Exact solution for thermo-mechanical vibration of orthotropic mono-layer graphene sheet embedded in an elastic medium, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 11, pp. 437-458, 2014.
[37]        A. Ghorbanpour Arani, E. Haghparast, A. Ghorbanpour Arani, Size‐dependent vibration of double‐bonded carbon nanotube‐reinforced composite microtubes conveying fluid under longitudinal magnetic field, Polymer Composites, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 1375-1383, 2014.
[38]        A. Ghorbanpour Arani, M. Jamali, A. Ghorbanpour-Arani, R. Kolahchi, M. Mosayyebi, Electro-magneto wave propagation analysis of viscoelastic sandwich nanoplates considering surface effects, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Vol. 231, No. 2, pp. 387-403, 2015.
[39]        A. Ghorbanpour-Arani, A. Rastgoo, M. Sharafi, R. Kolahchi, A. Ghorbanpour Arani, Nonlocal viscoelasticity based vibration of double viscoelastic piezoelectric nanobeam systems, Meccanica, Vol. 51, pp. 25-40, 2015.
[40]        A. Ghorbanpour-Arani, A. Rastgoo, A. Hafizi Bidgoli, R. Kolahchi, A. Ghorbanpour Arani, Wave propagation of coupled double-DWBNNTs conveying fluid-systems using different nonlocal surface piezoelasticity theories, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, Vol. 24, No. 14, pp. 1159-1179, 2016.
[41]        A. Ghorbanpour-Arani, M. Abdollahian, A. Ghorbanpour Arani, Nonlinear dynamic analysis of temperature-dependent functionally graded magnetostrictive sandwich nanobeams using different beam theories, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 42, pp. 1-20, 2020.
[42]        E. Haghparast, A. Ghorbanpour-Arani, A. G. Arani, Effect of fluid–structure interaction on vibration of moving sandwich plate with Balsa wood core and nanocomposite face sheets, International Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 12, No. 07, pp. 2050078, 2020.
[43]        M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, A. Moradi, M. Hosseini, Vibration analysis of the rotating multilayer piezoelectric Timoshenko nanobeam, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, Vol. 145, pp. 117-131, 2022.
[44]        A. A. Ghorbanpour-Arani, Z. Khoddami Maraghi, A. Ghorbanpour Arani, The frequency response of intelligent composite sandwich plate under biaxial in-plane forces, Journal of Solid Mechanics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1-18, 2023.
[45]        M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, A. Rastgoo, Coriolis effects on the thermo-mechanical vibration analysis of the rotating multilayer piezoelectric nanobeam, Acta Mechanica, Vol. 234, No. 2, pp. 751-774, 2023.
[46]        M. Mohammadi, M. Safarabadi, A. Rastgoo, A. Farajpour, Hygro-mechanical vibration analysis of a rotating viscoelastic nanobeam embedded in a visco-Pasternak elastic medium and in a nonlinear thermal environment, Acta Mechanica, Vol. 227, pp. 2207-2232, 2016.
[47]        P. Wan, M. Al-Furjan, R. Kolahchi, L. Shan, Application of DQHFEM for free and forced vibration, energy absorption, and post-buckling analysis of a hybrid nanocomposite viscoelastic rhombic plate assuming CNTs’ waviness and agglomeration, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 189, pp. 110064, 2023.
[48]        M. Al-Furjan, S. Fan, L. Shan, A. Farrokhian, X. Shen, R. Kolahchi, Wave propagation analysis of micro air vehicle wings with honeycomb core covered by porous FGM and nanocomposite magnetostrictive layers, Waves in Random and Complex Media, pp. 1-30, 2023.
[49]        L. Shan, C. Tan, X. Shen, S. Ramesh, M. Zarei, R. Kolahchi, M. Hajmohammad, The effects of nano-additives on the mechanical, impact, vibration, and buckling/post-buckling properties of composites: A review, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023.
[50]        C. Chu, L. Shan, M. Al-Furjan, A. Farrokhian, R. Kolahchi, Energy absorption, free and forced vibrations of flexoelectric nanocomposite magnetostrictive sandwich nanoplates with single sinusoidal edge on the frictional torsional viscoelastic medium, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 223, 2023.
[51]        C. Chu, M. Al-Furjan, R. Kolahchi, Energy harvesting and dynamic response of SMA nano conical panels with nanocomposite piezoelectric patch under moving load, Engineering Structures, Vol. 292, pp. 116538, 2023.
[52]        P. Wan, M. Al-Furjan, R. Kolahchi, Nonlinear flutter response and reliability of supersonic smart hybrid nanocomposite rupture trapezoidal plates subjected to yawed flow using DQHFEM, Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 145, pp. 108862, 2024.
[53]        S. Dhala, M. Ray, Micromechanics of piezoelectric fuzzy fiber-reinforced composite, Mechanics of Materials, Vol. 81, pp. 1-17, 2015.
[54]        J. Aboudi, Micromechanical analysis of composites by the method of cells, 1989.
[55]        T. Mori, K. Tanaka, Average stress in matrix and average elastic energy of materials with misfitting inclusions, Acta metallurgica, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 571-574, 1973.
[56]        Y. Qiu, G. Weng, On the application of Mori-Tanaka's theory involving transversely isotropic spheroidal inclusions, International Journal of Engineering Science, Vol. 28, No. 11, pp. 1121-1137, 1990.
Volume 55, Issue 4
October 2024
Pages 636-662
  • Receive Date: 31 March 2024
  • Revise Date: 13 April 2024
  • Accept Date: 14 April 2024