University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Numerical and Economic Study of Performance of Centrifugal Pump as Turbine 151 160 63159 10.22059/jcamech.2017.232024.137 EN Amir Bahreini Mechanical college of Khajeh Nasir Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Amirmohammad Sattari School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2017 04 26 In this paper, performance of centrifugal pump as turbine (PAT) is investigated numerically. Three different specific speeds are considered and three pumps are designed using diagrams from catalogues and CFturbo V.9 software. Next, models are analyzed by Ansys CFX 16 software and results are compared with those of CFturbo software. Also, a mesh study analysis for one case is performed in order to show the effect of grid size on the solution. In addition, three different flow rates of 75%, 100%, and 125% of best efficiency point (BEP) are considered for extracting head-flow rate diagrams and comparing results of CFX and CFturbo software. In next step, using relations between pump and turbine modes (PAT formulations) and by changing boundary conditions in CFX, turbine mode is investigated and efficiency is compared with pump mode. Finally, by an economic analysis a comparison between PATs and turbines with same nominal output powers are performed to distinguish which case is more profitable. Results showed that PATs have lower payback time in comparison with turbines with equal output power (in low capacities), although they have lower efficiencies.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Accelerating high-order WENO schemes using two heterogeneous GPUs 161 170 63189 10.22059/jcamech.2017.238226.166 EN Hossein Mahmoodi Darian Faculty of Engineering Science, College of Engineering, University of Tehran Journal Article 2017 07 21 A double-GPU code is developed to accelerate WENO schemes. The test problem is a compressible viscous flow. The convective terms are discretized using third- to ninth-order WENO schemes and the viscous terms are discretized by the standard fourth-order central scheme. The code written in CUDA programming language is developed by modifying a single-GPU code. The OpenMP library is used for parallel execution of the code on both the GPUs. Data transfer between GPUs which is the main issue in developing the code, is carried out by defining halo points for numerical grids and by using a CUDA built-in function. The code is executed on a PC equipped with two heterogeneous GPUs. The computational times of different schemes are obtained and the speedups with respect to the single-GPU code are reported for different number of grid points. Furthermore, the developed code is analyzed by CUDA profiling tools. The analyze helps to further increase the code performance.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Simulation of Stresses Induced by Heat and Mass Transfer in Drying Process of Clay-like Material 171 184 63274 10.22059/jcamech.2017.236932.159 EN Mohsen Heydari Ph.D. Student, Mech. Eng., University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Khalil - Khalili Department of mechanical engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand,Iran Yousef Ahmadi Assoc. Prof., Mech. Eng., University of Birjand, Birjand , Iran Journal Article 2017 07 03 Drying represents one of the oldest unit operations employed in industrial processes. Drying is viewed as a process of simultaneous heat and mass transfer. Porous Clay-like material undergoes stresses due to non-uniform distribution of temperature and moisture induced by heat and mass transfer respectively. The aim of this work is to simulate the stresses induced by heat and mass transfer during drying. A mathematical model to simulate the convective drying of a porous material like clay has been developed. The problem investigated involves highly coupled equations considering heat, mass, and mechanical aspects. The particularity of the model is that it takes into account the strong coupling between mass transport, heat transport and mechanical behavior of the material. The variables of coupling are the solid deformation, moisture content and temperature of porous medium. A numerical solution is sought to foresee the variation of moisture content, temperature, shrinkage, heat transfer induced stresses and mass transfer induced stresses during drying. The solution developed as a model is capable of predicting the quality of the product through a failure criterion. The model is validated through the comparison of simulated and experimental data. Simulation results show that the heat transfer induced stresses are significantly less important in compression with the mass transfer induced stresses and can be neglected in modeling of drying process.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 A new approach for nonlinear vibration analysis of thin and moderately thick rectangular plates under inplane compressive load 185 198 63295 10.22059/jcamech.2017.240726.181 EN Hesam Makvandi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Shapour Moradi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Davood Poorveis Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Kourosh Heydari Shirazi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 0000-0002-0840-4777 Journal Article 2017 08 29 In this study, a hybrid method is proposed to investigate the nonlinear vibrations of pre- and post-buckled rectangular plates for the first time. This is an answer to an existing need to develope a fast and precise numerical model which can handle the nonlinear vibrations of buckled plates under different boundary conditions and plate shapes. The method uses the differential quadrature element, arc-length, harmonic balance and direct iterative methods. The governing differential equations of plate vibration have been extracted considering shear deformations and the initial geometric imperfection. The solution is assumed to be the sum of the static and dynamic parts which upon inserting them into the governing equations, convert them into two sets of nonlinear differential equations for static and dynamic behaviors of the plate. First, the static solution is calculated using a combination of the differential quadrature element method and an arc-length strategy. Then, putting the first step solutions into the dynamic nonlinear differential equations, the nonlinear frequencies and modal shapes of the plate are extracted using the harmonic balance and direct iterative methods. Comparing the obtained solutions with those published in the literature confirms the accuracy and the precision of the proposed method. The results show that an increase in the nonlinear vibration amplitude increases the nonlinear frequencies.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Performance Improvements of a Centrifugal Pump with Different Impellers using Polymer Additive 199 206 63338 10.22059/jcamech.2017.234895.150 EN Alireza Riasi School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Farzin Dianatipoor School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2017 06 04 In this study, the performance of a centrifugal pump is investigated by adding polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer over the working fluid which is tap water in this case. PAM is a long chain polymer that leads to reduce the wall shear stress and drag in a turbulent fluid. Three different blade profiles including radial, straight backward and circular backward have been examined. For this purpose, a centrifugal pump test rig consists of reservoir, pump-motor, volumetric measuring tank, pressure gauges, speed control, and motor dynamometer has been used. Different concentrations of PAM polymer solution are prepared in the range of 80-240 ppm of PAM. The results show that the maximum amount of relative efficiency is approximately 3% for the radial propeller, 13% for the straight backward propeller, and 18% for the circular backward which is occurs at 160 ppm of PAM. It is found that this increase is more pronounced in the case of circular backward impeller. Moreover, in the case of radial blade profile, it is observed that in spite of efficiency increase, the head decreases at low flow rate with adding PAM.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Simulation of the Mode I fracture of concrete beam with cohesive models 207 216 63339 10.22059/jcamech.2017.235183.152 EN Shahriar Shahbazpanahi Department of Civil Engineering, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Masoud Paknahad Faculty of Civil Engineering, Mahallat Institute of Higher Education, Mahallat, Iran Journal Article 2017 06 08 Crack propagation modeling in quasi-brittle materials such as concrete is essential for improving the reliability and load-bearing capacity assessment. Crack propagation explains many failure characteristics of concrete structures using the fracture mechanics approach. This approach could better explain the softening behavior of concrete structures. A great effort has been made in developing numerical models; however, some models involve complex expressions with too many parameters, and the results are in some cases inaccurate. In this investigation, a numerical approach is developed to model the fracture process zone (FPZ). Based on the modified crack closure integral (MCCI) method, a new nonlinear spring is proposed to be placed between the interfacial node pairs to model crack propagation. A new strain energy release rates for Mode I is calculated as a function of opening in the softening part. Two benchmark beams are simulated by the ABAQUS software for the accuracy of cohesive zone model. The model decreases complexity of predicting crack propagation. It is observed that the cohesive zone model is robust, accurate and able to model the crack growth in the concrete beam. The prediction of the crack path is close to the experimental results (up to 90%). The peak loads had approximately 7.7% difference compared with the previous experimental loads. The accuracy of displacement in the present study is 15.9% compared with previously model at the same load intensity.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Prediction of Temperature distribution in Straight Fin with variable Thermal Conductivity and Internal Heat Generation using Legendre Wavelet Collocation Method 217 224 63383 10.22059/jcamech.2017.241673.185 EN Lawrence Jayesimi Works and Physical Planning Department, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria. George Oguntala School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. Journal Article 2017 09 13 Due to increasing applications of extended surfaces as passive methods of cooling, study of thermal behaviors and development of mathematical solutions to nonlinear thermal models of extended surfaces have been the subjects of research in cooling technology over the years. In the thermal analysis of fin, various methods have been applied to solve the nonlinear thermal models. This paper focuses on the application of Legendre wavelet collocation method to the prediction of temperature distribution in longitudinal rectangular fin with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and internal heat generation. The numerical approximations by the method are used to carry out parametric studies of the effects of the model parameters on the temperature distribution in the fin. The results show that the thermal performance of the fin is favoured at low values of thermogeometric parameter and internal heat generation decreases the performance of the fin. The results can serve as verification of the solutions of other methods of analysis of the component.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Analysis of Flow of Nanofluid through a Porous Channel with Expanding or Contracting Walls using Chebychev Spectral Collocation Method 225 232 63377 10.22059/jcamech.2017.240097.179 EN George Oguntala School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. 0000-0002-3920-7637 Raed Abd-Alhameed School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. Zubair Oba Mustapha School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. Eya Nnabuike School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. Journal Article 2017 08 19 In this work, we applied Chebychev spectral collocation method to analyze the unsteady two-dimensional flow of nanofluid in a porous channel through expanding or contracting walls with large injection or suction. The solutions are used to study the effects of various parameters on the flow of the nanofluid in the porous channel. From the analysis, It was established that increase in expansion ratio and Reynolds number decreases the axial velocity at the center of the channel during the expansion while the axial velocity increases near the surface of the channel during contraction. Moreover, it was also established that an increase in injection rate leads to a higher axial velocity near the center and the lower axial velocity near the wall. On the verification of the results, it is shown that the results obtained from Chebychev spectral collocation method are in good agreement when compared to the results obtained using other numerical methods.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Applications of higher order shear deformation theories on stress distribution in a five layer sandwich plate 233 252 63354 10.22059/jcamech.2017.239207.172 EN Hamed Raissi Department of Mechanical engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Mohammad Shishesaz Department of Mechanical engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 0000-0002-1892-1946 Shapour Moradi Department of Mechanical engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2017 08 05 In this paper, layerwise theory (LT) along with the first, second and third-order shear deformation theories (FSDT, SSDT and TSDT) are used to determine the stress distribution in a simply supported square sandwich plate subjected to a uniformly distributed load. Two functionally graded (FG) face sheets encapsulate an elastomeric core while two epoxy adhesive layers adhere the core to the face sheets. The sandwich plate is assumed to be symmetric with respect to its core mid-plane. First, second and third-order shear deformation theories are used to model shear distribution in the adhesive layers as well as others. Results obtained from the three theories are compared with those of finite element solution. Results indicate that finite element analysis (FEA) and LT based on the first, second and third-order shear deformation theories give almost the same estimations on planar stresses. Moreover, the out-of-plane shear stresses obtained by FEA, are slightly different from those of LT based on FSDT. The differences are decreased on using LT based on SSDT or TSDT. Additionally, SSDT and TSDT predict almost the same distribution for the two planer stress and out-of-plane shear stress components along the face sheet thickness. Furthermore, third-order shear deformation theory seems to be more appropriate for prediction of out-of-plane shear stress at lower values of a/h ratio.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Incremental explosive analysis and its application to performance-based assessment of stiffened and unstiffened plates 253 270 63353 10.22059/jcamech.2017.236722.157 EN Masoud Biglarkhani Civil Engineering Department, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran Keyvan Sadeghi Mechanical Engineering Department, Buein Zahrah Technical University, Qazvin 3451745346, Iran Journal Article 2017 06 29 In this paper, the dynamic behavior of square plates with various thicknesses and stiffening configurations subjected to underwater explosion (UNDEX) are evaluated through a relatively novel approach which is called Incremental Explosive Analysis (IEA). The IEA estimates the different limit-states and deterministic assessment of plats’ behavior, considering uncertainty of loading conditions and dynamic nature of explosive loading. In this new approach, intensity parameter of explosive loading is enhanced in an incremental manner and response of the target plate is recorded for every depth-stand-off loading condition. Then, the multi IEA curves are derived from several simulation results. The fractiles method is employed to summarize large amount of IEA curves’ data in a predictive mode. In addition, some summarized damage probability indicators such as fragility curves are extracted that provide useful information for quantitative damage analysis of plates in UNDEX loading. Results show that the IEA is a promising method for performance-based assessment of marine structures subjected to UNDEX loading.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Analysis of Heat transfer in Porous Fin with Temperature-dependent Thermal Conductivity and Internal Heat Generation using Chebychev Spectral Collocation Method 271 284 63384 10.22059/jcamech.2017.239131.171 EN Gbeminiyi Sobamowo Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria Journal Article 2017 08 03 In this work, analysis of heat transfer in porous fin with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and internal heat generation is carried out using Chebychev spectral collocation method. The numerical solutions are used to investigate the influence of various parameters on the thermal performance of the porous fin. The results show that increase in convective parameter, porosity parameter, Nusselt, Darcy and Rayleigh numbers and thickness-length ratio of the fin, the rate of heat transfer from the base of the fin increases and consequently improve the efficiency of the fin. However, the rate of heat transfer from the base of the fin increases with decrease in thermal conductivity material. Also, from the parametric studies, an optimum value is reached beyond which further increase in porosity, Nusselt, Darcy and Rayleigh numbers, thermal conductivity ratio and thickness-length ratio has no significant influence on the rate of heat transfer. It is established that the temperature predictions in the fin using the Chebychev spectral collocation method are in excellent agreement with the results of homotopy perturbation method and that of numerical methods using Runge-Kutta coupled with shooting method.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 A novel computational procedure based on league championship algorithm for solving an inverse heat conduction problem 285 296 63340 10.22059/jcamech.2017.238583.168 EN Morteza Ebrahimi Department of Network Sciences and Technology, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Shidvash Vakilipour Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ebrahim Inanlou Shahverdi Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2017 07 26 Inverse heat conduction problems, which are one of the most important groups of problems, are often ill-posed and complicated problems, and their optimization process has lots of local extrema. This paper provides a novel computational procedure based on finite differences method and league championship algorithm to solve a one-dimensional inverse heat conduction problem. At the beginning, we use the Crank-Nicolson semi-implicit finite difference scheme to discretize the problem domain and solve the direct problem which is a second-order method in time and unconditionally stable. The consistency, stability and convergence of the method are investigated. Then we employ a new optimization method known as league championship algorithm to estimate the unknown boundary condition from some measured temperature on the line. League championship algorithm is a recently proposed probabilistic algorithm for optimization in continuous environments, which tries to simulate a championship environment wherein several teams with different abilities play in an artificial league for several weeks or iterations. To confirm the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach, we give some examples for the engineering applications. Results show an excellent agreement between the solution of the proposed numerical algorithm and the exact solution.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Power Series -Aftertreatment Technique for Nonlinear Cubic Duffing and Double-Well Duffing Oscillators 297 306 63385 10.22059/jcamech.2017.239886.176 EN Gbeminiyi Sobamowo Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria. Ahmed Yinusa Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria. Journal Article 2017 08 16 Modeling of large amplitude of structures such as slender, flexible cantilever beam and fluid-structure resting on nonlinear elastic foundations or subjected to stretching effects often lead to strongly nonlinear models of Duffing equations which are not amendable to exact analytical methods. In this work, explicit analytical solutions to the large amplitude nonlinear oscillation systems of cubic Duffing and double-well Duffing oscillators are provided using power series-aftertreatment technique. The developed analytical solutions are valid for both small and large amplitudes of oscillation. The accuracy and explicitness of the analytical solutions are carried out to establish the validity of the method. Good agreements are established between the solution of the new method and established exact analytical solution. The developed analytical solutions in this work can serve as a starting point for a better understanding of the relationship between the physical quantities of the problems as it provides continuous physical insights into the problems than pure numerical or computation methods.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Multi-objective Optimization of web profile of railway wheel using Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization 307 318 63341 10.22059/jcamech.2017.237353.160 EN Aliasghar Ataee School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran. Ehsan Azarlu Mechanical Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University-Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran. Journal Article 2017 07 09 In this paper, multi-objective optimization of railway wheel web profile using bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) algorithm is investigated. Using a finite element software, static analysis of the wheel based on a standard load case, and its modal analysis for finding the fundamental natural frequency is performed. The von Mises stress and critical frequency as the problem objectives are combined using different weight factors in order to find the sensitivity number in the method, which specifies which elements to be omitted and which to be added. The iterative process is continued until convergence to an a priori specified material volume. The resulted web profiles show that when the stress is important, material removal is from the middle part of the web, while for frequency as the important objective, the removal is from near the rim part of the web. The suggested profile, corresponding to equal weight factor for the objectives, has a better volume and stress state compared to a standard web profile, and has a more uniform stress distribution. However, higher natural frequency, compared to that of the standard profile, are obtained for larger frequency weight factors, although with a bigger volume. In the end, considering manufacturability of the wheel, the jagged profile resulted from BESO is replaced with a fitted smooth curve and performing the finite element analysis on it. It is seen that there is an improvement in the obtained objectives for the smoothened profile, with no significant change in volume.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 On the Analysis of Laminar Flow of Viscous Fluid through a Porous Channel with Suction/Injection at Slowly Expanding or Contracting Walls 319 330 63371 10.22059/jcamech.2017.239995.178 EN Gbeminiyi Musibau Sobamowo Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Nigeria Journal Article 2017 08 18 The vast biological and industrial applications of laminar flow of viscous fluid through a porous channel with contracting or expanding permeable wall have attest to the importance of studying the flow process. In this paper, two-dimensional flow of viscous fluid in a porous channel through slowly expanding or contracting walls with injection or suction is analyzed using variation parameter method. From the parametric studies using the developed approximate analytical solutions, it is shown that increase in the Reynolds number of the flow process leads to decrease in the axial velocity at the center of the channel during the expansion. The axial velocity increases slightly near the surface of the channel when the wall contracts at the same rate. Also, as the wall expansion ratio increases, the velocity at the center decreases but it increases near the wall. The results of the approximate analytical solution are verified by numerical solution using shooting method coupled with Runge-Kutta method. The results of the variation parameter method are in excellent agreement with the results obtained using numerical method.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 Analysis and Optimization using Renewable Energies to Get Net-Zero Energy Building for Warm Climate 331 344 63296 10.22059/jcamech.2017.240840.182 EN Mohsen Mahdavi Adeli Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Said Farahat Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran 0000-0003-0748-1428 Faramarz Sarhaddi Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Journal Article 2017 08 31 Due to low energy price, economic optimization of consumption has no justification for users in Iran. Nowadays, the issue of ending fossil fuels, production of greenhouse gases and the main role of building in consumption of considerable amount of energy has drawn the focus of global researches to a new concept called net zero energy building. In this study, modeling, simulation and energy analysis have been used for considered building in Zahedan weather condition which has a dry and warm climate to draw the related equations and perform analysis. Multi-Objective optimization has been performed for simultaneous reduction of total energy consumption and total cost where the main decision making variables including thermal comfort, cooling, heating and lighting systems and other variables have been influential. The comparison of an ordinary optimized building and the intended optimized building which uses renewable energy resources indicates that it is possible to get to net zero energy building in addition to selling surplus 2 MWh electrical energy to electricity grid with simultaneous use of solar and wind renewable energies.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 A new virtual leader-following consensus protocol to internal and string stability analysis of longitudinal platoon of vehicles with generic network topology under communication and parasitic delays 345 356 64168 10.22059/jcamech.2017.241467.184 EN Hossein Chehardoli Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Homaienezhad Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2017 09 12 In this paper, a new virtual leader following consensus protocol is introduced to perform the internal and string stability analysis of longitudinal platoon of vehicles under generic network topology. In all previous studies on multi-agent systems with generic network topology, the control parameters are strictly dependent on eigenvalues of network matrices (adjacency or Laplacian). Since some of these eigenvalues are complex, the stability analysis with the presented methods is very hard or even impossible for large scale or time-varying networks. A new approach is introduced in this paper to decouple the large dimension closed-loop dynamics to individual third-order linear differential equations. A new spacing policy function assuring safety and increasing the traffic capacity is introduced to adjust the inter-vehicle spacing. The stable regions of communication and parasitic delays are calculated by employing the cluster treatment characteristic roots (CTCR) method. In addition to internal stability, it will be shown that the presented approach guarantees the string stability of generic vehicular networks. The most important privilege of the presented method compared with the previous approaches, is that the control gains are independent on network structure. This new finding, simplifies the stability analysis and control design specially for large scale platoons and time-varying networks. Several simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

University of Tehran Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics 2423-6713 48 2 2017 12 01 A review of functionally graded thick cylindrical and conical shells 357 370 64074 10.22059/jcamech.2017.247963.220 EN Mohammad Zamani Nejad Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yasouj University, P.O.Box: 75914-353, Yasouj, Iran 0000-0002-3415-5049 Mehdi Jabbari Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yasouj University, P.O.Box: 75914-353, Yasouj, Iran 0000-0002-9593-8194 Amin Hadi School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2017 11 14 Thick shells have attracted much attention in recent years as intelligent and functional graded materials because of their unique properties. In this review paper, some critical issues and problems in the development of thick shells made from Functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) are discussed. This review has been conducted on various types of methods which are available for thick shell analysis and mainly focuses on elasticity theories, shear deformation theory, simplified theories and mixed theories since they were widely used in the modeling of FG thick shells. It is expected that this comprehensive study will be very beneficial to everyone involved or interested in the shell models.