University of Tehran PressJournal of Computational Applied Mechanics2423-671357320260601CFD Simulation of the Aqueous Humour in Healthy or Glaucomatous Conditions36939010601810.22059/jcamech.2026.410638.1780ENO. AnwarBégMulti-Physical Engineering Sciences Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, Corrosion and Coatings Lab, Room 3-08, SEE Building, University of Salford, Manchester, M54WT, UKU.I.UsmanSimulation Engineer, Shell Petroleum, London, UKTasveer A.BégEngineering Mechanics Research, Israfil House, Dickenson Rd., Manchester, M13, UKM. M.ChannakoteDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, IndiaH. J.LeonardMulti-Physical Engineering Sciences Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, Corrosion and Coatings Lab, Room 3-08, SEE Building, University of Salford, Manchester, M54WT, UKM.M.BhattiDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaMaterial Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South AfricaJournal Article20260206This article presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of aqueous humour flow within the anterior chamber of the eye, comparing healthy and glaucomatous conditions. A simplified 2-dimensional cross-sectional geometry was developed using ANSYS Fluent 2024 R2 Design Modeller, with the trabecular meshwork represented as a porous medium, accounting for its role in flow resistance. Viscous resistances of 2.43 x 1013 m-2 and 6.5 x 1013 m-2 for healthy and glaucomatous cases respectively, were derived from literature and applied to simulate variations in the outflow. A mesh independence study was included. In the healthy model, the simulation peak intraocular pressure of 15.08 mmHg was consistent with normal physiological limits. In the glaucomatous case, intraocular pressure increased to 40.45 mmHg, representing a 168% rise, also agreeing with existing literature. The visualisation of flow fields revealed similar inlet velocity profiles but notable differences in pressure gradients, streamline curvature and vorticity distribution near the trabecular meshwork in the glaucomatous configuration. These numerical trends are within ±5% of existing literature results and confirm the validity of the study. The anterior chamber’s fluid sensitivity is clearly highlighted in the results, confirming the role of CFD as a predictive tool for understanding ocular fluid mechanics and supporting diagnostic and surgical decision making in glaucoma management.https://jcamech.ut.ac.ir/article_106018_91f02c752a7ec1fb7560103f2944f021.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Computational Applied Mechanics2423-671357320260601Influence of Spanwise FGM and Numerical Parameters on the Fluid-Structure Interaction Response of a Cantilevered Plate Wing39141210612210.22059/jcamech.2026.410596.1778ENMohamed SAlzahraniDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaHassanQanashDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaMohamed SAbdelwaheedDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaMohamed AElltaherDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Design and Production, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, EgyptJournal Article20260205This study investigates the nonlinear aeroelastic response and flutter behavior of a cantilevered plate wing using a two-way fluid–structure interaction framework in ANSYS, coupling Fluent and Mechanical. Both isotropic Aluminum and a spanwise functionally graded Al/Al₂O₃ material system are examined. The aerodynamic solver is validated against published S809 airfoil data, followed by validation of the cantilevered wing model. A sensitivity analysis is performed by varying the time step size (0.02–0.002 s) and the number of coupling iterations (5 and 10). Larger time steps introduce fluctuations in peak oscillation amplitudes and can delay growth through the critical flow speed window, whereas smaller time steps reduce these fluctuations and diminish iteration sensitivity. A mid-range configuration (∆t = 0.005 s, 10 iterations) provides results comparable to the finest settings at substantially lower computational cost. Using these parameters, the aeroelastic response of a spanwise functionally graded wing—constructed by dividing the span into ten segments with linear grading (k = 1)—is assessed. The FGM wing exhibits no flutter within the investigated flow speed range and shows markedly reduced tip displacement, maintaining RMS amplitudes below 0.01 mm, in contrast to the Aluminum baseline, which displays the expected increase in response with flow speed. The results demonstrate that a time step of 0.005 s with ten coupling iterations is sufficient for reliable flutter prediction under ANSYS student license constraints, and that spanwise FGM application significantly enhances aeroelastic stability.https://jcamech.ut.ac.ir/article_106122_0a0cfdc951bd16447ee88774fd90c2bc.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Computational Applied Mechanics2423-671357320260601Enhancing the Thermal Performance of Parabolic Trough Collectors Using Nano-Enhanced Absorber Coatings: A Comparative Study of Fe3O4, Al2O3 and Hybrid Fe3O4- Al2O3 Coatings41342410617310.22059/jcamech.2026.411481.1792ENSathishThanikodiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pin Code-602105, IndiaJaloladdinRajabovDepartment of Transport systems, Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhan Biruni, Urgench, 14, Kh.Alimdjan str, Urgench city, 220100, UzbekistanJournal Article20260219Solar thermal systems use parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) to concentrate sunlight on an absorber tube to create heat for various applications. They are efficient but have optical losses, heat dissipation, and reduced performance owing to dust and high-emissivity coatings. Hence, nanomaterials can improve absorber coatings' heat retention and energy efficiency. This research paper is an examination of the impact of nano-enhanced coating on PTC thermal characteristics. The various types of coating were a hybrid coating of Fe3O4-Al2O3 nano-enhanced coating, Fe3O4 nano-enhanced coating, Al2O3 nano-enhanced coating and black matte tested in their effects on energy and exergy efficiency, heat absorption, and fluid outlet temperature. It was found that the hybrid Fe3O4-Al2O3 coating recorded the highest of 81.5 ᵒC fluid outlet temperature, maximum of 3186.4 W heat absorption, thermal efficiency of 79.38% or exergy efficiency of 42.88%. Fe3O4 was selected because it has a high optical absorption, and Al2O3 was selected because it has a high thermal conductivity, which allows heat transfer to be efficient and losses to be reduced. The most ineffective one was black matte coating because the highest 59.4ᵒC fluid temperature and 42.57% thermal efficiency. Therefore, the nanomaterials enhance the power of PTC and this indicates that the materials have the possibility of maximizing the utilization of solar energy. The researchers established that solar thermal collector performance can be increased with the use of advanced nano-coatings, including the Fe3O4-Al2O3 hybrid and facilitation of the renewable, efficient, and sustainable renewable energy systems.https://jcamech.ut.ac.ir/article_106173_b75a54a1db001b92f47b4707bb7f448c.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Computational Applied Mechanics2423-671357320260601A Spectrally Accurate Shifted Lucas Collocation Framework for Fractional Lanchester Combat Dynamics with Time-Dependent Variable Coefficients42544210651910.22059/jcamech.2026.412544.1799ENM. H.SalamaDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, EgyptH. A.ZedanDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, EgyptW. M.Abd-ElhameedDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptY. H.YoussriDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptFaculty of Engineering, Egypt University of Informatics, Knowledge City, New Administrative Capital 19519, EgyptAssociate Fellow (AFHEA) of the Higher Education Academy (Advance HE), UKJournal Article20260410This paper is confined to developing a rigorous computational framework using the shifted Lucas polynomials for the numerical treatment of the generalized fractional-order Lanchester combat model characterized by time-dependent variable coefficients. The method uses an exact operational matrix for the Caputo derivative to handle the singular kernel, thereby eliminating the need for numerical quadrature. A global polynomial projection at shifted Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto nodes eliminates predictor–corrector errors and preserves high-order accuracy under memory effects. A rigorous analysis employing a generalized Gronwall inequality establishes well-posedness and derives sharp stability bounds via Mittag–Leffler functions. Numerical investigations validate enhanced stability and efficiency, especially for memory effects and heavy-tail decay, and error estimates indicate super-geometric convergence.https://jcamech.ut.ac.ir/article_106519_544b2ce5ad8c5d2ffc8edbc09eace3bb.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Computational Applied Mechanics2423-671357320260601Numerical Simulation and Visualization of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Hemodynamics in a Stenotic Blood Vessel44347210655810.22059/jcamech.2026.411829.1797ENTaibaHussainMPESG, Corrosion Lab, 3-08, Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering Division, University of Salford, M5 4WT, UKO. AnwarBégMPESG, Corrosion Lab, 3-08, Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering Division, University of Salford, M5 4WT, UKSireetornKuharatMPESG, Corrosion Lab, 3-08, Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering Division, University of Salford, M5 4WT, UKTasveer AnwarBégEngineering Mechanics Research, Israfil House, Dickenson Rd., Manchester, M13, UKM.M.BhattiDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaMaterial Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South AfricaJournal Article20260408Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with atherosclerosis-driven stenoses significantly altering haemodynamic and influencing potential nanoparticle drug delivery outcomes. This study applies computational fluid dynamics (CFD) via ANSYS FLUENT finite volume software, to two-dimensional stenosed arteries of varying severities (30%, 50%, 70%) and shoulder lengths (2, 4, 6 mm). Two regimes have been compared: a steady Newtonian baseline, where viscosity and velocity remain constant and a physiologically realistic pulsatile non-Newtonian Carreau regime incorporating shear-thinning viscosity and cardiac-cycle effects. In the steady Newtonian simulations, velocity plots showed that increasing stenosis severity amplified throat jet velocities and extended recirculation zones, while shoulder length governed the sharpness and spatial extent of disturbed flow. The pulsatile Carreau model revealed systolic acceleration and diastolic deceleration in velocity contour plots, greater pressure drops with stenosis severity. It also showed wall shear stress (WSS) distributions characterised by high shear at stenotic throats and low or oscillatory shear effects downstream. These disturbed, low-WSS regions were identified as potential nanoparticle deposition sites for pharmacodynamics treatments, aligning with prior findings on plaque-prone haemodynamics. The results demonstrate that stenosis severity amplifies haemodynamic disturbances, while shoulder length shapes their distribution, together influencing the likelihood of nanoparticle residence and deposition. These findings are consistent with published literature, supporting CFD as a predictive tool for assessing hemodynamics. Future research could integrate deformable arterial walls through fluid–structure interaction (FSI), patient-specific geometries, and explicit nanoparticle transport for drug delivery in clinical translation.https://jcamech.ut.ac.ir/article_106558_f9aa4d16280e930d06b36094b53ecdfc.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Computational Applied Mechanics2423-671357320260601Dynamic Response and Damping of Viscoelastic Microtubules: Effects of N_S Configurations and Cytosolic Environments47349610655910.22059/jcamech.2026.409178.1758ENAliGivDepartment of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, IranAliGhorbanpour AraniDepartment of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, IranElhamHaghparastMD student, Medical School. Medical university of Kashan, KashanJournal Article20251231This study investigates the vibrational behavior of anisotropic microtubules (MTs) immersed in the viscous cytosolic fluid using both classical and higher-order beam theories (HOBTs). For the first time, multiple N_S configurations of MTs, along with their precise geometrical characteristics, are analyzed within a novel unified vibration–mechanics framework. The nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is employed to incorporate size-dependent effects, while surface elasticity theory ensures nanoscale accuracy. Viscoelastic models are integrated for both MTs and their surrounding medium.<br />The intrinsic structural damping of microtubules is examined via the Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic damping coefficient (retardation time), and the influence of the cytosolic viscous fluid damping on both natural frequencies and damping ratios is thoroughly analyzed. Additional parameters such as the nonlocal parameter, material length scale parameter, microtubule length and various beam theory are also systematically explored. The governing equations and boundary conditions are derived from Hamilton’s principle and numerically solved using the Differential Quadrature (DQ) method, enhanced with a CBCGE scheme for efficient boundary implementation.<br />Results reveal that increasing either the structural damping of the MTs or the cytosolic fluid viscosity leads to greater overall damping and a reduction in natural frequencies. A critical retardation time is identified, beyond which the damping ratio rapidly increases, the natural frequencies sharply drop, and the system transitions to a non-oscillatory state. The magnitude of this critical time aligns well with previously reported nanoscale retardation times. <br />The same trend is also observed across different N_S configurations, indicating that smaller microtubules tend to possess higher natural frequencies. These findings highlight the importance of viscoelastic behavior—particularly retardation effects—in understanding cellular mechanics, cancer treatment, disease diagnosis, and bio-nanotechnology advancements.https://jcamech.ut.ac.ir/article_106559_e9c248800c2969ec20b64f101705a62a.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Computational Applied Mechanics2423-671357320260601Void Effects on Plane Wave Propagation in a Nonlocal Microstretch Thermoelastic Medium with Initial Stress and Magnetic Field under Three Phase Lag Theory49751310734610.22059/jcamech.2026.412854.1806ENAmbreenA. KhanDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, PakistanNoorZohaDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, PakistanREllahiDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, PakistanCenter for Modeling & Computer Simulation, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaSadiq M.SaitCenter for Communications and IT Research, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran-31261, Saudi ArabiaInterdisciplinary Research Center for Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20260416In this paper, the reflection of plane waves at a free surface of a nonlocal microstretch thermoelastic medium is investigated within the framework of the three-phase-lag (TPL) heat conduction theory. The model incorporates the combined effects of nonlocal elasticity, voids, magnetic field, and initial stress. The governing equations are formulated and solved to obtain analytical expressions for the amplitude ratios and energy ratios of reflected longitudinal and coupled transverse waves propagating with distinct phase velocities. Numerical computations are performed to examine the graphical influence of key physical parameters on wave characteristics. The results indicate that the void parameter generally reduces the amplitude ratios, whereas the nonlocal parameter significantly influences transverse wave components. The magnetic field predominantly affects longitudinal wave reflection, while initial stress produces contrasting variations in amplitude ratios. It is further observed that transverse wave amplitudes vanish at limiting angles of incidence, and the primary longitudinal wave remains dominant. Energy analysis confirms that the sum of energy ratios is unity for all angles of incidence, ensuring conservation of energy. The present study provides useful insights into wave propagation phenomena in complex thermoelastic materials with microstructural effects and external fields.https://jcamech.ut.ac.ir/article_107346_379102d2b3f050c53235e61e63ac2b7a.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Computational Applied Mechanics2423-671357320260601The intricate link between anterior cruciate ligament rupture and lower limb muscle fatigue: Musculoskeletal Modeling51452510734710.22059/jcamech.2026.409534.1765ENZeynabSaghaeinooshabadiSchool of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMohammad RezaZakerzadehSchool of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMoahammad AliNazariSchool of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranUniversité Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, FranceJournal Article20260106Objective Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture can independently affect an individual’s quality of life. This impact becomes more significant when fatigue and intense activity are involved. The aim of this study is to investigate the muscle forces generated in various muscles of the healthy and injured leg using musculoskeletal modeling in OpenSim software.<br />Methods In this study, a participant with unilateral ACL rupture was asked to perform a one-hour walking protocol. Kinematic data were recorded using reflective markers and motion capture cameras, while kinetic data were collected via force plates. These data were used to model the gait and calculate muscle forces in different leg muscles using full inverse analysis workflow.<br />Results Notable differences were observed in muscle forces between the healthy and injured legs. These differences were particularly evident in the Semimembranosus, Soleus and Gracilis muscles. The Vastus Medialis and Vastus Intermedius of the injured leg produced up to 30% more force compared to the corresponding muscles in the healthy leg during the gait cycle, while the Soleus muscle in the healthy leg generated 47% to 74% greater force Relative to the contralateral limb. The Gracilis muscle also showed more than 45% difference in force production favoring the injured leg.<br />Conclusion Dynamic musculoskeletal modeling was used as a more comprehensive method than surface electromyography for assessing different muscles even deep muscles in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. The results agree with EMG study for Vastus Medialis, Gastrocnemius Lateralis and Soleus. Gastrocnemius Medialis showed an approximate agreement with IEMG (Integrated Electro MyoGraphy) results. The behavior of the other surface muscles does not comply with IEMG results. This shows that a better modeling which includes the ligaments is needed.https://jcamech.ut.ac.ir/article_107347_e580b303d24f570b602db2e073abde5e.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Computational Applied Mechanics2423-671357320260601A Laplace Transform Approach for Static Analysis of Cracked Axially Functionally Graded Beams with Variable Cross Section52653710746010.22059/jcamech.2026.415461.1837ENŞeref DoğuşcanAkbaşDepartment of Civil Engineering, Bursa Technical University, Mimar Sinan Campus, Bursa, 16310, Turkey0000-0001-5327-3406Journal Article20260529This study presents a comprehensive analytical investigation of the static analysis of a cracked axially functionally graded cantilever beam with exponentially varying material properties and cross-sectional geometry in the longitudinal direction. The crack is defined in the system using an equivalent rotational spring model. The main focus of this study is to solve this system, which contains complex discontinuities and variable coefficient differential equations, within a high-precision analytical framework, eliminating the computational cost imposed by numerical methods. Laplace transform method is effectively applied in solving the governing equations. The developed analytical model can express the effect of material gradient and crack stiffness parameters on beam deflection in closed form. The obtained analytical results are compared with exact integration solutions in the literature under different crack stiffness values. This study provides a faster, mathematically stable, and reliable solution method for functionally graded structures compared to traditional numerical methods, thus creating a unique and powerful analytical infrastructure for structural health monitoring and design optimization processes.https://jcamech.ut.ac.ir/article_107460_c70cd89164170efcb593a116b7e6a295.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Computational Applied Mechanics2423-671357320260601Double-Diffusive Heat and Mass Transfer in Unsteady MHD Casson Nanofluid Flow over a Bidirectional Stretching Surface with Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux53855310752010.22059/jcamech.2026.416706.1852ENJi-HuanHeSchool of Information Engineering, Yango University, Fuzhou, ChinaM. YAdamuAbubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, NigeriaIsahAbdullahiSchool of Information Engineering, Yango University, Fuzhou, ChinaAbubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, NigeriaJournal Article20260619This work presents a theoretical investigation on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow of Casson nanofluids over a bidirectional stretching surface, with an emphasis on double-diffusive heat and mass transfer. To overcome the limitation of classical Fourier’s law, the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model is employed to consider thermal relaxation time and finite heat propagation velocity. The mathematical model fully couples multiple physical mechanisms including thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, porous medium effect, Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Based on similarity transformations, the partial differential equations governing mass, momentum, energy and concentration are converted into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. The calculated results are proven to be reliable through comparison with previous research outcomes. We systematically discuss the effects of various dimensionless parameters on flow field, temperature field and nanoparticle concentration field. It is observed that magnetic field, porosity and unsteadiness suppress flow velocity, while a larger Casson parameter enhances fluid movement. Temperature distribution is elevated by thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, Brownian motion and thermophoresis, and reduced by thermal relaxation. Concentration decreases with increasing Schmidt number and Brownian motion parameter, but increases with the rise of thermophoresis parameter. Furthermore, the growth of thermophoresis leads to a reduction in skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number. This research deepens the understanding of multi-physical coupled transport in non-Newtonian nanofluids, and the results have broad application prospects in biomedical equipment, polymer production, heat exchangers and energy engineering.https://jcamech.ut.ac.ir/article_107520_9acb56599a56cd4a099761c4b9c94173.pdf